{"id":11346,"date":"2022-03-08T19:17:15","date_gmt":"2022-03-08T16:17:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.solmazlaw.com\/?p=11346"},"modified":"2023-01-16T22:53:03","modified_gmt":"2023-01-16T19:53:03","slug":"can-a-sequestration-decision-be-made-by-courts-in-terms-of-the-risks-of-banks-that-have-not-yet-occurred","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.solmazlaw.com\/en\/can-a-sequestration-decision-be-made-by-courts-in-terms-of-the-risks-of-banks-that-have-not-yet-occurred\/","title":{"rendered":"Can A Sequestration Decision Be Made By Courts In Terms Of The Risks Of Banks That Have Not Yet Occurred?"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\" data-type=\"vc_cmsms_shortcodes-custom-css\"><\/style><p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bankalar\u0131n risklerinden olan &#8220;ibraz edilmemi\u015f \u00e7ek yapraklar\u0131 ve teminat mektuplar\u0131na dayal\u0131 haciz alacaklar\u0131&#8221; konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulu&#8217;nun \u00e7eli\u015fen kararlar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu karar sadece teminat mektubu ve vadesi gelmemi\u015f risk alacaklar\u0131 olarak ibraz edilmeyen \u00e7ek yapraklar\u0131 \u00f6zelinde incelenmi\u015f olmakla birlikte, bankac\u0131l\u0131k kanunu kapsam\u0131nda kredi vadesi kapsam\u0131nda tan\u0131mlanan risk gruplar\u0131n\u0131n da bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi kanaatindeyiz. bu ba\u011flamda de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">5411 Say\u0131l\u0131 Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Kanunu&#8217;na g\u00f6re<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> ; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">kredi vadesi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Madde 48 &#8211; Teminat mektuplar\u0131, kontrgarantiler, kefalet, aval, ciro, kabul kredileri ve bu nitelikteki taahh\u00fctler gibi nakdi ve gayrinakdi krediler, sat\u0131n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f tahvil ve benzeri sermaye piyasas\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131, ihra\u00e7 edilmek suretiyle \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verilen fonlar. mevduat veya di\u011fer yollarla, varl\u0131klar\u0131n taksitli sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan do\u011fan alacaklar; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Vadesi ge\u00e7mi\u015f nakdi krediler, tahakkuk etmi\u015f ancak tahsil edilmemi\u015f faizler, nakde \u00e7evrilmi\u015f gayrinakdi kredilerin de\u011ferleri, vadeli repo i\u015flemlerinden do\u011fan alacaklar, vadeli i\u015flem ve opsiyon s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri kapsam\u0131nda \u00fcstlenilen riskler, ortakl\u0131k paylar\u0131 ve <\/span><\/span><\/em>\u00a0<em><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">kredi olarak muhasebele\u015ftirilen i\u015flemler<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/em>\u00a0<em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Kurum taraf\u0131ndan bu Kanunun uygulanmas\u0131nda, deftere ba\u011flanan hesaplar ne olursa olsun kredi say\u0131l\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu Kanunun uygulanmas\u0131nda birinci f\u0131krada belirtilenlere ek olarak krediler, kalk\u0131nma ve yat\u0131r\u0131m bankalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan finansal kiralama y\u00f6ntemiyle sa\u011flanan finansman\u0131 da kapsayacakt\u0131r. kar ve zarar ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz, te\u00e7hizat veya mal al\u0131m\u0131 veya finansal kiralama veya m\u00fclk kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda finansman belgeleri ile ortak yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ve benzeri y\u00f6ntemlerle.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Kredi \u00fczerindeki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n ve uygulanan yasaklar\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olabilmesi i\u00e7in tek tek say\u0131lan ve belirlenen i\u015flemler. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Buna g\u00f6re genel anlamda kredi say\u0131labilecek i\u015flemlerin \u015fekil ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi belirlenir. <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mondaq.com\/turkey\/financial-services\/1009498\/can-a-sequestration-decision-be-made-by-courts-in-terms-of-the-risks-of-banks-that-have-not-yet-occurred#_ftn1\"><sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/a><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0Mevduat bankalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan genel anlamda kredi say\u0131lan i\u015flemler; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bankalarca verilen nakdi krediler, gayrinakdi krediler, tahvil ve benzeri bor\u00e7lanma senetleri ve bankan\u0131n sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sermaye ara\u00e7lar\u0131, banka varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan do\u011fan alacaklar, vadesi ge\u00e7mi\u015f nakdi krediler.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bankalar risklerini kredi ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 satarlar ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fcvence yoluna ba\u015fvururlar. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ancak bu teminat\u0131n genel hukuk kurallar\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki mevzuat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Di\u011fer durumlarda, risklerini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak isteyen bankalar\u0131n veya di\u011fer kurumsal kredi kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n risklerini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almaya y\u00f6nelik sistem, \u015firketlerin, t\u00fcketicilerin, \u00f6zel veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na da ciddi zararlar verebilir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu nedenle bankalar\u0131n taleplerine kar\u015f\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u00f6n\u00fcnde k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Risk kavram\u0131 ise bir kredinin mi yoksa teminatl\u0131 bir mal\u0131n m\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 konusunda tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmu\u015ftur. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Teminat mektuplar\u0131, krediler ve bankalarca verilen kredi say\u0131lan di\u011fer i\u015flemler s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye dayal\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu ba\u011flamda genel banka s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin T\u00fcrk Hukuku kapsam\u0131nda ne oldu\u011fu konusu tart\u0131\u015fma yaratmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Yarg\u0131tay B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulu&#8217;nda de\u011ferlendirilmemi\u015f olmakla birlikte, genel banka s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin &#8220;asli bor\u00e7tan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir bor\u00e7&#8221; oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc vurgulamak gerekir. <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mondaq.com\/turkey\/financial-services\/1009498\/can-a-sequestration-decision-be-made-by-courts-in-terms-of-the-risks-of-banks-that-have-not-yet-occurred#_ftn2\"><sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/a><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00a0\u00d6rne\u011fin, bankan\u0131n baz\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, bankan\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterisi ile bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi sonucunda kurulur ve bu ili\u015fkiden tamamen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Teminat s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde ve bunun \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olan teminat mektubunda; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">bankan\u0131n teminat mektubu ile bor\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhatap bankan\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterisi de\u011fildir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Banka m\u00fc\u015fterisi ile mektup muhatab\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki, sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi gibi farkl\u0131 bir tapu i\u00e7in verilmi\u015f olabilir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Banka ayr\u0131ca, muhatab\u0131n bir teminat mektubu ile borcuna maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fterisinin verece\u011fi teminat ile kendini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00d6zetle, banka m\u00fc\u015fterisi ile mektup muhatab\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki nedeniyle teminat mektubu bundan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r. <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mondaq.com\/turkey\/financial-services\/1009498\/can-a-sequestration-decision-be-made-by-courts-in-terms-of-the-risks-of-banks-that-have-not-yet-occurred#_ftn3\"><sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k devam ederken, bankalar hukuki anlamda kendi risklerini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli giri\u015fimlerde bulunurken, yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Banka vekillerinin herhangi bir risk olmaks\u0131z\u0131n haciz talebinde bulunmalar\u0131 neticesinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen gerek\u00e7elerle baz\u0131 kararlar kabul edilmi\u015f, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2004 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130flas ve \u0130cra Kanunu Kapsam\u0131nda Haciz<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Madde 257 &#8211; Rehinle g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmayan ve muaccel olan bir para borcunun alacakl\u0131s\u0131, <\/span><\/span><\/em>\u00a0<em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">bor\u00e7lunun veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015finin tasarrufunda bulunan ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar\u0131 ile birlikte bor\u00e7lar\u0131 ve di\u011fer haklar\u0131.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Vadesi gelmemi\u015f bir bor\u00e7 i\u00e7in, <\/span><\/span><\/em>\u00a0<em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">ancak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlarda haciz talep edilebilir:<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">a &#8211; Bor\u00e7lunun belirli bir uzla\u015fmas\u0131 yoksa,<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">b -Bor\u00e7lu adaletten ka\u00e7arsa veya bu ama\u00e7la alacakl\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyici hileli hareket ve i\u015flemlerde bulunursa.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu \u015fekilde haciz <\/span><\/span><\/em>\u00a0<em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">uygulan\u0131rsa, bor\u00e7 ancak bor\u00e7luya d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bir haciz talebinde bulunmak i\u00e7in bir para borcunun mevcut olmas\u0131 gerekir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu kapsamda rehinle g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmama ve muaccel olma \u015fart\u0131 aran\u0131lan ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u015fartlard\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mondaq.com\/turkey\/financial-services\/1009498\/can-a-sequestration-decision-be-made-by-courts-in-terms-of-the-risks-of-banks-that-have-not-yet-occurred#_ftn4\"><sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/a><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0El koyma kapsam\u0131ndaki kredi ve teminatlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ana tart\u0131\u015fma vade meselesidir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Yarg\u0131tay B\u00fcy\u00fck Dairelerin 2016\/1 Say\u0131l\u0131 Esas Karar\u0131, 27.12.2017 tarih ve 2017\/6 Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131&#8217;ndaki kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00d6zetle, Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesi ve 19. Hukuk Dairesi, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinde ve i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda, \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu&#8217;nun 257. maddesine g\u00f6re haciz karar\u0131 verilebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 hususunda mutab\u0131k kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. vadesi gelmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"11\">\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hukuk Dairesi, \u00f6denmemi\u015f teminat mektubu veya \u00f6denmemi\u015f \u00e7ek i\u00e7in kanunen \u00f6denmesi gereken mebla\u011f ile ilgili s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye muhatapt\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc risk hen\u00fcz olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Banka ile lehtar aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde, &#8220;Banka, teminat mektubuna veya \u00f6denmemi\u015f \u00e7eke ili\u015fkin \u00f6denecek rizikoyu, risk olu\u015fmadan \u00f6nce bankaya yat\u0131rabilir&#8221; h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131 halinde, haciz karar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilece\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. tevdi etme yetkisinin ayn\u0131 zamanda haciz talep etme yetkisini de i\u00e7erdi\u011fi kabul edilerek yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Aksine 19. Hukuk Dairesi, banka teminat mektubu veya u\u00e7urtma \u00e7eki \u00f6demedik\u00e7e borcun muaccel olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla haciz karar\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmeyece\u011fini belirtmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, bankan\u0131n teminat mektubu d\u00fczenlenmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gayrinakdi kredi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan borcunun do\u011frudan bir nakit \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil, bir risk \u00fcstlenimi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">riziko vuku bulmad\u0131k\u00e7a ve muhataba banka taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle mektup bedeli \u00f6denmezse banka m\u00fc\u015fterisine r\u00fccu edemez. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Teminat mektubu bedeli tazmin edilmeden ve temyiz hakk\u0131 do\u011fmadan icra takibi yap\u0131lamaz.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">H\u00fck\u00fcmlerin Birle\u015ftirilmesine \u0130li\u015fkin Genel Kurul&#8217;da yap\u0131lan m\u00fczakereler sonucunda, riskin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi banka teminat mektuplar\u0131 ile \u00f6denip \u00f6denmedi\u011fi belirlenemeyen \u00e7ekler hakk\u0131nda haciz karar\u0131n\u0131n verilip verilmeyece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. ve de\u011ferlendirildi:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">A- Teminat mektubunu d\u00fczenleyen banka ile muhatap aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fme, teminat s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi niteli\u011findedir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bankan\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu, m\u00fcteselsil y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck olmay\u0131p, as\u0131l bor\u00e7tan ve as\u0131l bor\u00e7tan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Banka, teminat mektubunu d\u00fczenlerken nakit, menkul k\u0131ymet, ipotek, teminat mektubu alarak teminat mektubunun riskinden kendini koruyabilir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ayr\u0131ca, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede ek teminatlar bulunmas\u0131 veya lehtar\u0131n kredi riskinin artmas\u0131, talebe ra\u011fmen teminat mektubunun iade edilmemesi, lehtar\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fcne ili\u015fkin \u015f\u00fcpheler, lehtar\u0131n finansal istikrar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 veya herhangi bir sebep g\u00f6stermeksizin ; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Banka, s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki h\u00fckme g\u00f6re hen\u00fcz tasfiye edilmemi\u015f teminat mektubu tutar\u0131n\u0131n lehdardan, m\u00fc\u015fterek bor\u00e7ludan ve kefilden saklanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Teminat yat\u0131rmak i\u00e7in resmi senetsiz icra takibi yap\u0131labilir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(\u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu, md. 42\/1). <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, hen\u00fcz tasfiye edilmemi\u015f teminat mektuplar\u0131 i\u00e7in teminat mektubunda yer alan tutar\u0131n tahsili i\u00e7in genel vergi haciziyle i\u015flem yap\u0131lamaz. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc maddi tazminattan kaynaklanan bor\u00e7 muaccel de\u011fildi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc risk olu\u015fmad\u0131 ve banka hen\u00fcz bir \u00f6deme yapmad\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Vadesi gelmemi\u015f bir bor\u00e7 i\u00e7in de haciz karar\u0131 verilemez (\u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu md. 257\/1).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">B- 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ek Kanununun 3 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesine g\u00f6re muhatap banka, d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde ibraz edilen \u00e7ekin muaccel olmas\u0131 halinde kanuni sorumluluk tutar\u0131 kadar; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131smen kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015fsa, kalan tutar\u0131 tamamlamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Banka taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen \u00e7ek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan risk ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015fse, muaccel bir alacaktan bahsedilemeyece\u011fi kabul edilmelidir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu vadesi gelmemi\u015f bor\u00e7 i\u00e7in haciz karar\u0131n\u0131n verilmeyece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmazd\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(\u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu, md. 257\/1).<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">C- \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanununun &#8220;El koyman\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 257. maddesinde mevcut ve muaccel bir bor\u00e7tan bahsedilmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Tazmin edilmeyen teminat mektubunun maliyetinin veya \u00f6denmemesi durumunda bankan\u0131n \u00f6demek zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131 yasal iadenin, risk olu\u015fmadan \u00f6nce mevcut ve muaccel oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Nitekim \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu&#8217;nun 257. maddesi uyar\u0131nca \u015farta ba\u011fl\u0131 alacaklar i\u00e7in haciz talebinde bulunulmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanununun 257. maddesinde haciz \u015fartlar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu durum, \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu&#8217;nun 42. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, teminat alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in &#8220;resmi senetsiz icra takibi&#8221;nin genel vergi haczi ile yap\u0131labilmesine ra\u011fmen haciz yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Zira \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanununun 257. Maddesinde sadece &#8221; <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">maddi alacaklar<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> &#8221; i\u00e7in haciz \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El koyma bir &#8220;icra i\u015flemi&#8221; olmay\u0131p \u00f6zel bir ge\u00e7ici hukuki koruma kurumu oldu\u011fundan, ancak \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanununun 257. maddesindeki \u015fartlara g\u00f6re karar verilebilir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu durumda teminat\u0131n &#8220;yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131&#8221; i\u00e7in haciz karar\u0131 verilemez.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">SONU\u00c7 <\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Yarg\u0131tay B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulu, hen\u00fcz olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olan kredi ve teminat alacaklar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan risk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">bu konuda temel olarak yersiz ve olgunla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f gibi nedenlerle haciz karar\u0131 verilememektedir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu karar do\u011frultusunda Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Kanunu&#8217;nda belirtilen kredi say\u0131lan i\u015flemler i\u00e7in de benzer bir uygulaman\u0131n olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Dipnotlar<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00dcnal Tekinalp, Principles Of Bank Law of \u00dcnal Tekinalp, Vedat Kitap\u00e7ilik 2009, 2nd ed., p. 224.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00dcnal Tekinalp, Principles Of Bank Law of \u00dcnal Tekinalp, Vedat Kitap\u00e7ilik 2009, 2nd ed., p. 362.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00dcnal Tekinalp, Principles Of Bank Law of \u00dcnal Tekinalp, Vedat Kitap\u00e7ilik 2009, 2nd ed., p. 367.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Yavuz S\u00fcphandag, Practices of Bankruptcy and Enforcement Law, Bilge Yayinevi, 2005, p. 1210.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bankalar\u0131n risklerinden olan &#8220;ibraz edilmemi\u015f \u00e7ek yapraklar\u0131 ve teminat mektuplar\u0131na dayal\u0131 haciz alacaklar\u0131&#8221; konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulu&#8217;nun \u00e7eli\u015fen kararlar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu karar sadece teminat mektubu ve vadesi gelmemi\u015f risk alacaklar\u0131 olarak ibraz edilmeyen \u00e7ek yapraklar\u0131 \u00f6zelinde incelenmi\u015f olmakla birlikte, bankac\u0131l\u0131k kanunu kapsam\u0131nda kredi vadesi kapsam\u0131nda tan\u0131mlanan risk gruplar\u0131n\u0131n&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11421,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[47,98],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commercial-and-corporate-law","category-enforcement-and-bankruptcy-law"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.solmazlaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.solmazlaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.solmazlaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.solmazlaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.solmazlaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11346"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.solmazlaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11346\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12733,"href":"https:\/\/www.solmazlaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11346\/revisions\/12733"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.solmazlaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.solmazlaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.solmazlaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.solmazlaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}